For some time now, the Financial Reporting (FR) examining team has observed that candidates perform well in the preparation of financial statements, especially for a single entity. Unfortunately, performance is less strong when analysing these financial statements, which tends to suggest that candidates do not fully understand their composition.

The main reasons that analysis questions do not score high marks are:

• candidates not providing workings for their ratio calculations and so markers cannot apply the 'own figure rule' when marking. Therefore, if an answer is wrong and there are no workings, candidates get no marks. If the answer is wrong but workings are provided, it is possible that markers can award marks for the parts of the calculation that are correct
• candidates simply stating that a ratio has increased or decreased but not providing an explanation of why that might be the case – this may indicate that a candidate does not understand how different parts of the financial statements (and so the ratios) are connected to each other
• candidates not making use of the information provided in the question scenario and so the answer lacks depth.

Unfortunately, there is little that the examining team can do to help with the last two observations – candidates need to understand what is expected of them and the only way to do this is to practise past exams/revision questions and compare their response to the suggested solution. However, to encourage candidates to produce workings in their ratio calculations, the examining team have decided to use pre-formatted responses in most analysis questions.

So, for example, where candidates are asked to calculate: (i) gross profit margin; (ii) operating profit margin and; (iii) interest cover for Loop Co and then to compare these ratios to a sector average, the pre-formatted response area may look like this:
 

This means that candidates do not have to 'build' a table in the response area and that the sector average information is pre-populated. When candidates see such a pre-formatted response area, they would be expected to provide their workings and, separately, their answers in the appropriate columns.

Hopefully, this strategy will help candidates to pick up vital marks in the ratio calculations.

Once you have calculated these ratios, you should look at the requirement to establish what you have been asked to comment on and set up the required headings in the response area; for example, ‘performance’ and ‘position’. It is usually best to work through the ratios in the order they have been asked and the line items which relate to them (eg discussing revenue and cost of sales when addressing the gross profit margin. You should then ask yourself the following questions:

• Is there a difference between the ratio that I calculated and the given comparison ratio?
• Does the change/difference in this ratio impact other ratios?
• Is there an obvious reason for the change/difference? To find the answer, you will need to examine the relationships between different ratios and/or look at the question scenario for a potential explanation.
• Is there anything that the directors of the company can do to resolve the identified issue?

In following this strategy, candidates can provide answers to analysis questions that have depth and are supported by the evidence provided in the question scenario.

We hope that you find this information useful and that you can use it to improve your answers to analysis questions whether in the context of a group or a single entity.

Written by a member of the Financial Reporting examining team