COSO's enterprise risk management framework
This article examines the guidance published by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations (COSO). This article provides further background information to learning outcome B2b of the Professional Diploma in Sustainability.
Data analytics
Data analytics is being widely used in sustainability matters and so understanding the approaches is useful and these can then be applied to scenario with a sustainability focus
Environmental management accounting (EMA)
The aim of this article is to give a general introduction on the area of environmental management accounting.
Four lines of defence and assurance mapping
This article provides further background information to learning outcome B2b in the Professional Diploma in Sustainability.
Green finance
This short article looks at green financing.
Influence of sustainability on business
Organisations have a difficult balancing act to fulfil. They have a duty to act in the best interests of their stakeholders, not simply to earn returns for shareholders, but they also have a duty towards other stakeholders.
Investment appraisal
Investment appraisal is fundamental area in accounting. The methods of investment appraisal are payback, accounting rate of return and the discounted cash flow methods of net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR).
Risk and uncertainty techniques
This article introduces the concepts of risk and uncertainty together with techniques which are used for decision-making. In the Professional Diploma in Sustainability, it is unlikely that candidates will be presented with complex risk and uncertainty calculations but understanding the techniques can be helpful when responding to questions on risk management more generally.
Strategic and operational risks
This article provides further background to learning outcomes B2d and B2e of the Professional Diploma in Sustainability.
Sustainability measurement and management
Since the 1990s, there has been increasing recognition amongst governments, businesses, consumers, investors and other stakeholders of the importance of sustainability and the impacts of businesses on society and environment. They have recognised that focusing solely on profit maximisation, without considering the interaction of a business with its operating environment, will not be a sustainable approach.